Table 2

Characteristics of studies including biomarkers studied >2 times

AuthorDesignPatient selectionBiologicalMedication historyDuration of follow-upResponse criteriaBiomarker(s) studied
Abhishek et al20Monocentre retrospective case–control studyDAS28 ≥5.1 on 2 separate occasions a month apartAdalimumab, etanercept, infliximabFailure of ≥2 DMARDs including MTX, biological naïve3 monthsEULARRF
Avila-Petretti et al34Multicentre prospective cohort≥1 erosions in ≥2 joint groups in hands and/or feetAdalimumab, etanercept, infliximabBiological naïve12 weeksEULARFcGR2A
Blaschke et al 11Monocentre prospective cohort≥3 TJC, ≥3 SJC, VAS pain ≥40 mm, morning stiffness for >1 hour, ESR >28 mm/hour or CRP >8 mg/LEtanerceptFailure to MTX or leflunomide24 weeksEULARRF, anti-CCP
Cañete et al33Two-centre prospective cohortNon-responsive to
DMARD therapy, not further specified		InfliximabFailure to MTX30 weeksEULARFcGR2A
Choi et al12Two prospective cohorts from same centreDAS28 ≥3.2Adalimumab, infliximabFailure of ≥1 DMARD including MTX16 weeksEULARRF, anti-CCP
Cuchacovich et al28Monocentre prospective cohort≥6 SJC, ≥9 TJC and morning stiffness ≥45 minAdalimumabFailure of leflunomide, MTX or sulfasalazine24 weeksΔDAS >1.2TNF-α (−308)
Davila-Fajardo et al32Registry dataDAS28 ≥3.2AdalimumabFailure of ≥2 DMARDs including MTX14 weeksEULAR*FcGR2A
Guis et al23Two-centre prospective cohortDAS28 ≥3.2EtanerceptSome used MTX or infliximab previously24 weeksΔDAS >1.2TNF-α (−308)
Hyrich et al22Registry dataDAS28 ≥5.1Etanercept, infliximabFailure of ≥2 DMARDs including MTX24 weeksEULARRF
Jančić et al27Monocentre prospective cohortStart of TNFi, not further specifiedEtanerceptNot specified6 monthsΔDAS >1.2TNF-α (−308)
Kang et al30Monocentre prospective cohort>6 TJC and/or SJC and ESR >28 mm/hour, CRP >2.0 mg/dL or morning stiffness ≥45 minEtanerceptFailure of ≥1 DMARD including MTX, biological naïve12 weeksACR20HLA-DRB1
Klaasen et al13Prospective cohortDAS28 ≥3.2InfliximabFailure to MTX16 weeksΔDAS >1.2RF, anti-CCP
Lequerré et al16Prospective cohort≥3 of: ≥3 SJC, ≥6 TJC, morning stiffness ≥45 min, ESR >22 mm/hour, CRP >20 mg/LInfliximabFailure of ≥1 DMARD including MTX14 weeksEULARRF
Marotte et al24Multicentre prospective cohortActive disease, not further specifiedInfliximabFailure to MTX30 weeksACR20HLA-DRB1
Matsudaira et al17Monocentre cohortStart of TNFi, not further specifiedAdalimumab, etanercept, infliximabBiological naïve24 weeksEULARAnti-CCP
Miceli-Richard et al29Multicentre prospective cohortDAS28 ≥3.2AdalimumabFailure of ≥1 DMARD12 weeksACR50TNF-α (−308), HLA-DRB1
Morales-Lara et al21Two-centre prospective cohortStart of TNFi, not further specifiedAdalimumab, etanercept, infliximabBiological naïve6 monthsEULARRF
Mugnier et al25Monocentre prospective cohortDAS28 >3.2InfliximabFailure to MTX (≥2 months)22 weeksΔDAS>1.2TNF-α (−308)
Padyukov et al26Two-centre prospective cohortStart of TNFi, not further specifiedEtanerceptFailure of ≥1 DMARD12 weeksEULARTNF-α (−308)
Pers et al14Monocentre retrospective cohortNot specifiedAdalimumab, etanercept, infliximabNot specified24 weeksEULARAnti-CCP
Salgado et al19Multicentre retrospective cohortNot specifiedAdalimumab, etanercept, infliximabNot specified24 weeksEULARRF
Skapenko et al31Multicentre, double-blind. randomised controlled trialDAS28 >3.2. SJC66 ≥6, TJC68 ≥8, ESR >28 mm/hour, CRP >1.5 mg/dL, >1 hand/feet erosion by X-rayAdalimumabMTX and TNFi naïve26 weeksDAS28 <3.2HLA-DRB1
Wampler Muskardin et al15Registry dataStart of TNFi, not further specifiedAdalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximabNot specified12 weeksEULARAnti-CCP
Zhao et al18Monocentre prospective cohortDAS28 ≥3.2EtanerceptFailure of ≥1 DMARD including MTX and/or leflunomide (≥3 months)12 weeksEULARRF, anti-CCP

  • *EULAR good response versus moderate+non-responders.

  • ACR, American College of Rheumatology; CCP, cyclic citrullinated peptide; CRP, C reactive protein; DAS28, Disease Activity Score based on 28-joint count; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; EULAR, European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology; MTX, methotrexate; RF, rheumatoid factor; SJC, swollen joint count; TJC, tender joint count; TNFi, tumour necrosis factor inhibitor; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.