Variables | Before IPTW | After IPTW | ||||
JAKi (n=1064) | TNFi (n=3865) | ASD | JAKi (n=4101) | TNFi (n=5131) | ASD | |
Age, years | 55.7±12.5 | 54.2±13.3 | 0.12 | 54.4±25.5 | 54.5±15.0 | <0.01 |
Sex, female | 881 (82.8) | 3058 (79.1) | 0.09 | 3159 (77.0) | 4108 (80.1) | 0.07 |
Initiation of JAKi or TNFi, year | 1.03 | 0.25 | ||||
2015~2016 | 61 (5.7) | 1766 (45.7) | 993 (24.2) | 1825 (35.6) | ||
2017~2019 | 1003 (94.3) | 2099 (54.3) | 3108 (75.8) | 3307 (64.4) | ||
Type of insurance | 0.03 | |||||
Health insurance | 1010 (94.9) | 3640 (94.2) | 3890 (94.9) | 4837 (94.3) | 0.03 | |
Medicaid | 54 (5.1) | 225 (5.8) | 211 (5.1) | 294 (5.7) | ||
Type of institution | 0.18 | 0.10 | ||||
Tertiary referral hospital | 646 (60.7) | 2226 (57.6) | 2576 (62.8) | 2986 (58.2) | ||
General hospital | 253 (23.8) | 1185 (30.7) | 1026 (25.0) | 1455 (28.4) | ||
Community hospital/clinic | 165 (15.5) | 454 (11.8) | 499 (12.2) | 691 (13.5) | ||
Seropositivity | 0.14 | 0.17 | ||||
Seropositive | 1012 (95.1) | 3545 (91.7) | 3574 (87.2) | 4741 (92.4) | ||
Seronegative | 52 (4.9) | 320 (8.3) | 526 (12.8) | 391 (7.6) | ||
Comorbidities | ||||||
Myocardial infarction | 6 (0.6) | 40 (1.0) | 0.05 | 14 (0.4) | 52 (1.0) | 0.08 |
Congestive heart failure | 41 (3.9) | 140 (3.6) | 0.01 | 163 (4.0) | 170 (3.3) | 0.04 |
Peripheral vascular disorders | 112 (10.5) | 413 (10.7) | 0.01 | 410 (10.0) | 533 (10.4) | 0.01 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 68 (6.4) | 217 (5.6) | 0.03 | 359 (8.7) | 295 (5.8) | 0.12 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 342 (32.1) | 1305 (33.8) | 0.03 | 1483 (36.2) | 1727 (33.7) | 0.05 |
Diabetes without complication | 208 (19.6) | 764 (19.8) | 0.01 | 923 (22.5) | 977 (19.1) | 0.09 |
Diabetes with complication | 56 (5.3) | 218 (5.6) | 0.02 | 191 (4.7) | 274 (5.4) | 0.03 |
Renal disease | 14 (1.3) | 66 (1.7) | 0.32 | 98 (2.4) | 92 (1.8) | 0.04 |
Number of comorbidities | 0.04 | 0.09 | ||||
0–2 | 628 (59.0) | 2202 (57.0) | 2200 (53.7) | 2940 (57.3) | ||
3–5 | 385 (36.2) | 1450 (37.5) | 1714 (41.8) | 1933 (37.7) | ||
≥6 | 51 (4.8) | 213 (5.5) | 187 (4.6) | 259 (5.0) | ||
CCI score | 2.5±1.5 | 2.6±1.6 | 0.07 | 2.6±2.9 | 2.6±1.8 | 0.02 |
Previous medications | ||||||
Methotrexate | 916 (86.1) | 3568 (92.3) | 0.20 | 3264 (79.6) | 4474 (87.2) | 0.20 |
Hydroxychloroquine | 464 (43.6) | 2103 (54.4) | 0.21 | 1841 (44.9) | 2571 (50.1) | 0.10 |
Leflunomide | 484 (45.5) | 1756 (45.4) | <0.01 | 1643 (40.1) | 2237 (43.6) | 0.07 |
Sulfasalazine | 311 (29.2) | 1567 (40.5) | 0.24 | 1345 (32.8) | 1883 (36.7) | 0.08 |
Tacrolimus | 367 (34.5) | 978 (25.3) | 0.20 | 973 (23.7) | 1340 (26.1) | 0.06 |
Oral corticosteroids | 983 (92.4) | 3657 (94.6) | 0.09 | 3642 (88.8) | 4723 (92.0) | 0.11 |
NSAIDs | 1021 (96.0) | 3764 (97.4) | 0.08 | 3926 (95.7) | 4888 (95.3) | 0.02 |
Non-TNFi | ||||||
Abatacept | 59 (5.6) | 73 (1.9) | 0.19 | 192 (4.7) | 145 (2.8) | 0.10 |
Tocilizumab | 66 (6.2) | 82 (2.1) | 0.21 | 242 (5.9) | 280 (5.5) | 0.02 |
Rituximab | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.0) | 0.05 | 4 (0.1) | 8 (0.2) | 0.01 |
Number of previous csDMARDs | 0.17 | 0.29 | ||||
0 | 37 (3.5) | 28 (0.7) | 121 (3.0) | 265 (5.2) | ||
1 | 66 (6.2) | 183 (4.7) | 497 (12.1) | 258 (5.0) | ||
2 | 464 (43.6) | 1607 (41.6) | 1758 (42.9) | 2067 (40.3) | ||
≥3 | 497 (46.7) | 2047 (53.0) | 1725 (42.1) | 2541 (49.5) | ||
Concomitant medications | ||||||
Methotrexate | 777 (73.0) | 3035 (78.5) | 0.13 | 2854 (69.6) | 3909 (76.2) | 0.15 |
Dose, mg/week | 12.7±3.5 | 12.4±5.5 | 0.05 | 12.7±8.6 | 12.4±4.7 | 0.04 |
Oral corticosteroids | 835 (78.5) | 2905 (75.2) | 0.08 | 2894 (70.6) | 3875 (75.5) | 0.11 |
Prednisolone-equivalent dose, mg/day | 5.3±2.9 | 5.6±3.8 | 0.07 | 5.5±5.5 | 5.5±4.2 | 0.02 |
Type of targeted therapy | NC | NC | ||||
JAKi | ||||||
Tofacitinib | 984 (92.5) | 3872 (94.4) | ||||
Baricitinib | 80 (7.5) | 229 (5.6) | ||||
TNFi | ||||||
Adalimumab | 1391 (36.0) | 1917 (37.4) | ||||
Etanercept | 975 (25.2) | 1284 (25.0) | ||||
Infliximab | 556 (14.4) | 676 (13.2) | ||||
Golimumab | 943 (24.4) | 1255 (24.5) |
Values are presented as means±SD or numbers (%).
ASD, absolute standardised difference; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; csDMARD, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; JAKi, Janus kinase inhibitor; NC, not calculated; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; TNFi, tumour necrosis factor inhibitor.