Effect sizes of subgroups within included treatment comparisons on work participation outcome domains
| Sick leave | Work status | Presenteeism | ||||
| Treatment comparisons (N) | SMD (95% CI) | Treatment comparisons (N) | SMD (95% CI) | Treatment comparisons (N) | SMD (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 42 | −0.23 (−0.33 to −0.13) | 9 | −0.38 (−0.63 to −0.12) | 13 | −0.25 (−0.39 to −0.12) |
| Disease | ||||||
| Pain syndromes | 19 | −0.07 (−0.33 to 0.19) | 3 | −0.50 (−0.93 to −0.08) | 3 | −0.19 (−0.50 to 0.12) |
| i/dRMDs | 23 | −0.35 (−0.57 to −0.14) | 6 | −0.28 (−0.49 to −0.07) | 9 | −0.20 (−0.39 to 0.00) |
| Baseline risk for adverse work outcomes | ||||||
| At risk (on sick leave or other risk) | 28 | −0.11 (−0.19 to −0.02) | 6 | 0.03 (−0.52 to 0.59) | 7 | 0.01 (−0.27 to 0.29) |
| Not at risk (not on sick leave, no other risk) | 3 | −0.35 (−0.67 to −0.03) | 0 | NA | 3 | −0.44 (−0.73 to −0.15) |
| Mixed risk (on sick leave/not on sick leave) | 5 | −0.51 (−0.83 to −0.18) | 1 | −0.38 (−0.62 to −0.14) | 3 | −0.17 (−0.31 to −0.02) |
| Risk not described/specified | 6 | −0.19 (−0.51 to 0.12) | 2 | −0.43 (−0.94 to 0.08) | 0 | NA |
| Setting | ||||||
| Clinical | 29 | −0.12 (−0.21 to −0.02) | 5 | −0.31 (−0.65 to 0.03) | 4 | −0.14 (−0.44 to 0.16) |
| Workplace | 1 | −0.38 (−0.98 to 0.22) | 0 | NA | 3 | −0.19 −0.63 to 0.25) |
| Combined (clinical+workplace) | 1 | −0.09 (−0.53 to 0.36) | 0 | NA | 2 | −0.13 (−0.56 to 0.30) |
| Other | 11 | −0.24 (−0.40 to −0.08) | 4 | −0.35 (−0.61 to −0.09) | 4 | −0.34 (−0.70 to 0.01) |
| Components | ||||||
| Single | 11 | −0.12 (−0.22 to −0.33) | 2 | −0.28 (−0.49 to −0.07) | 3 | −0.22 (−0.41 to −0.04) |
| Multiple | 31 | −0.25 (−0.42 to −0.08) | 7 | −0.51 (−0.93 to −0.08) | 10 | −0.09 (−0.44 to 0.27) |
A negative SMD suggested a beneficial effect in improving the work outcome by the intervention over the control.
i/dRMD, inflammatory or degenerative or mixed rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease; NA, no studies included the specified contextual factor for this work outcome domain; SMD, standardised mean difference.