Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with autoimmune diseases and healthy controls
| Autoimmune disease group | Healthy controls | Total | ||
| Trial Arm | Withhold therapy | Continue therapy | Healthy controls | |
| N | 82 | 99 | 59 | 240 |
| Vaccine (first two doses) | ||||
| CHadOx1nCov-19 (Astra Zeneca) | 34 (41.5) | 47 (47.5) | 31 (52.5) | 112 (46.7) |
| BNT162b2 (Pfizer) | 48 (58.5) | 52 (52.5) | 28 (47.5) | 128 (53.3) |
| Vaccine (booster) | ||||
| CHadOx1nCov-19 (Astra Zeneca) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (1.1) |
| BNT162b2 (Pfizer) | 53 (81.5) | 68 (81.9) | 15 (55.6) | 136 (77.7) |
| mRNA-1273 (Moderna) | 12 (18.5) | 15 (18.1) | 10 (37.0) | 37 (21.1) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 60 (73.2) | 65 (66.3) | 33 (59.6) | 158 (66.4) |
| Male | 22 (26.8) | 33 (33.7) | 25 (43.1) | 80 (33.6) |
| BMI | 29.2 (7.1) | 28.8 (6.1) | 26.2 (5.0) | 28.3 (6.3) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| African American or black | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1.7) | 3 (1.3) |
| Arabic | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) |
| Asian | 8 (10) | 8 (8) | 14 (24.1) | 30 (12.7) |
| Indian | 2 (2.5) | 3 (3) | 1 (1.7) | 6 (2.5) |
| Indigenous | 2 (2.5 | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 5 (2.1) |
| White | 66 (82.5) | 83 (84) | 40 (69) | 189 (79.8) |
| Other | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (3.4) | 3 (1.3) |
| Age | 55.4 (12.6) | 53.3 (14.4) | 54.4 (12.6) | 54.2 (13.3) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Non-smoker | 55 (67.1) | 72 (73.5) | 48 (84.2) | 175 (73.8) |
| Current smoker | 9 (11.0) | 7 (7.1) | 5 (8.8) | 21 (8.9) |
| Ex-smoker | 18 (22.0) | 19 (19.4) | 4 (7.0) | 41 (17.3) |
| Medication class | ||||
| csDMARD | 26 (31.7) | 32 (32.3) | n/a | 58 (32.0) |
| bDMARD | 26 (31.7) | 37 (37.4) | n/a | 63 (34.8) |
| tsDMARD | 30 (36.6) | 30 (30.3) | n/a | 60 (33.2) |
| Autoimmune disease | ||||
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 6 (7.3) | 13 (13.1) | n/a | 19 (10.5) |
| Crohn’s disease | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.0) | n/a | 2 (1.1) |
| Psoriatic arthritis | 27 (32.9) | 26 (26.3) | n/a | 53 (29.3) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 44 (53.7) | 53 (53.5) | n/a | 97 (53.6) |
| SLE/Sjogren’s/CTD | 3 (3.7) | 2 (2.0) | n/a | 5 (2.8) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0 (0) | 2 (2.0) | n/a | 2 (1.1) |
| Other | 1 (1.2) | 2 (2.0) | n/a | 3 (1.7) |
All data are n (%) or mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.
SLE (Systemic lupus erythematosis), CTD (connective tissue disease), csDMARD (conventional synthetic disease modifying therapy), bDMARD (biological disease modifying therapy), tsDMARD (targeted synthetic disease modifying therpy.
BMI, body mass index; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic therapy; n/a, not available; tsDMARD, targeted synthetic DMARD.