Caucasian vs sub-Saharan | Caucasian vs Afro-Caribbean | ||||
Caucasian, N=148* | Sub-Saharan, N=43* | P value† | Afro-Caribbean, N=31* | P value† | |
Follow-up duration | 6.0 (2.0, 11.0) | 5.0 (2.5, 11.0) | >0.9 | 6.0 (2.0, 11.5) | 0.9 |
Age at symptoms onset | 52.0 (37.8, 59.2) | 35.5 (25.5, 44.0) | <0.001 | 44.5 (36.5, 51.0) | 0.047 |
Age at Sjögren’s diagnosis | 56.0 (44.8, 64.0) | 40.0 (31.0, 48.0) | <0.001 | 47.0 (36.5, 53.5) | <0.001 |
Sex, Female | 139/148 (94%) | 39/43 (91%) | 0.5 | 29/31 (94%) | >0.9 |
Fatigue | 72/138 (52%) | 26/31 (84%) | 0.001 | 17/21 (81%) | 0.013 |
Oral dryness | 133/148 (90%) | 33/43 (77%) | 0.025 | 28/31 (90%) | >0.9 |
Eye dryness | 127/148 (86%) | 31/43 (72%) | 0.036 | 22/31 (71%) | 0.044 |
Shiermer abnormal | 74/108 (69%) | 16/28 (57%) | 0.3 | 13/18 (72%) | 0.8 |
Low salivary flux | 37/95 (39%) | 7/27 (26%) | 0.2 | 5/14 (36%) | 0.8 |
Chisholm score 3–4 | 96/123 (78%) | 34/40 (85%) | 21/26 (81%) | 0.8 | |
Lymphoma | 6/148 (4.1%) | 3/43 (7.0%) | 0.4 | 3/31 (9.7%) | 0.2 |
Gammaglobulins titre (g/L) | 13.4 (9.9, 16.9) | 19.6 (14.7, 24.2) | <0.001 | 17.6 (15.0, 21.0) | <0.001 |
β2-microglobulintitre (mg/L) | 2.2 (1.8, 2.9) | 2.3 (2.0, 2.7) | >0.9 | 2.2 (1.9, 2.7) | 0.8 |
Rheumatoid Factor | 79/148 (53%) | 17/43 (40%) | 0.11 | 13/31 (42%) | 0.2 |
anti-SSA | 106/148 (72%) | 38/43 (88%) | 0.025 | 27/31 (87%) | 0.073 |
anti-SSB | 58/148 (39%) | 20/43 (47%) | 0.4 | 8/31 (26%) | 0.2 |
anti-DNA | 4/148 (2.7%) | 0/43 (0%) | 0.6 | 1/31 (3.2%) | >0.9 |
anti-SM | 0/148 (0%) | 1/43 (2.3%) | 0.2 | 0/31 (0%) | |
anti-RNP | 4/148 (2.7%) | 7/43 (16%) | 0.003 | 1/31 (3.2%) | >0.9 |
Cryoglobulinaemia | 26/148 (18%) | 8/43 (19%) | 0.9 | 7/31 (23%) | 0.5 |
Low C3 | 6/148 (4.1%) | 0/43 (0%) | 0.3 | 0/31 (0%) | 0.6 |
Low C4 | 35/148 (24%) | 9/43 (21%) | 0.7 | 5/31 (16%) | 0.4 |
cumClinESSDAI | 4.5 (2.0, 9.0) | 9.0 (4.0, 18.0) | 0.002 | 6.0 (2.0, 12.0) | 0.5 |
Steroid prescription | 48/148 (32%) | 19/43 (44%) | 0.2 | 4/31 (13%) | 0.029 |
Immunosuppressors | 31/148 (21%) | 16/43 (37%) | 0.029 | 4/31 (13%) | 0.3 |
*n/N (%); median (IQR).
†Pearson’s χ2 test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test.
CNS, central nervous system; ESSDAI, EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index; PNS, peripheral nervous system; pSS, primary Sjögren’s syndrome.