Table 1

Patient characteristics

	Unvaccinated (reference)		Double-vaccinated		Triple-vaccinated		P value
	n	%	n	%	n	%	P value
	923		551		803
Age (years, median, range)	55 (18–93)		55 (20–93)		56 (16–93)		0.630*
Female	603	65.3	356	64.6	576	71.7	0.005†
Body mass index (median, range)	26.5 (16–53)		26.7 (17–55)		25.8 (16–53)		0.004*
1. Vaccine
Moderna			29	5.3	56	7.0
Pfizer/BioNTech			426	77.3	573	71.4
AstraZeneca			56	10.2	139	17.3
Janssen/Johnson&Johnson			17	3.1	4	0.5
Nuvaxovid			1	0.2	5	0.6
Unknown			22	4.0	26	3.2
2. Vaccine
Moderna			40	7.3	66	8.2
Pfizer/BioNTech			459	83.3	644	80.2
AstraZeneca			36	6.5	60	7.5
Janssen/Johnson&Johnson			1	0.2	0	0
Nuvaxovid			1	0.2	7	0.9
Unknown			14	2.5	26	3.2
3. Vaccine
Moderna					201	25.0
Pfizer/BioNTech					573	71.4
AstraZeneca					‡	0.4
Janssen/Johnson&Johnson					†	0.2
Nuvaxovid					0	0
Unknown					24	3.0
Time between SARS-CoV-2 infection and last vaccination (days, median, range)			151 (14–347)		88 (14–270)
IRD (multiple selection possible)
Rheumatoid arthritis	393	42.6	240	43.6	331	41.2	0.681†
Spondyloarthritis	278	30.2	161	29.4	252	31.4	0.719†
Connective tissue diseases	132	14.3	74	13.4	116	14.2	0.856†
Other vasculitides	60	6.5	28	5.1	45	5.6	0.499†
ANCA-associated vasculitis	25	2.7	19	3.4	20	2.5	0.561†
Other type of IRD	93	10.1	51	9.3	74	9.2	0.798†
Immunomodulation (multiple selection possible)
Glucocorticoids	247	26.8	134	24.3	194	24.2	0.392†
Prednisolone ≤5 mg/day	169		83		121
Prednisolone 6–9 mg/day	10		5		7
Prednisolone ≥10 mg/day	33		18		26
Methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine	461	49.9	258	46.8	366	45.6	0.176†
Azathioprine	22	2.4	16	2.9	28	3.5	0.395†
Tumour necrosis inhibitors (adalimumab, certolizumab, infliximab, golimumab, etanercept)	192	20.8	125	22.7	197	24.5	0.180†
Other cytokine inhibitors (IL-6/IL-1/IL12/23/IL17 inhibition)	81	8.8	68	23.8	79	9.8	0.086†
Janus kinase inhibitors (baricitinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib, filgotinib)	70	7.6	51	9.3	71	8.8	0.468†
Immunsuppressives (cyclosporine, mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide)	28	3.0	14	2.5	20	2.5	0.766†
Abatacept	10	1.1	8	1.5	10	1.2	0.824†
Rituximab	28	3.0	24	4.4	35	4.4	0.270†
Belimumab	8	0.9	7	1.3	7	0.9	0.704†
Immunoglobulins	‡	0.3	1	0.2	7	0.9	0.191‡
Apremilast	4	0.4	2	0.4	‡	0.4	1.000‡
Other immunmodulators (eg, colchicine)	51	5.5	18	3.3	29	3.6	0.057†
No immunmodulation	100	10.8	44	8.0	57	7.1	0.018†
Disease activity
No/low	780	84.5	478	86.8	710	88.4	0.059†
Moderate/high	129	14.0	65	11.8	78	9.7	0.024†
Comorbidities (multiple selections possible)
Arterial hypertension	287	31.1	172	31.2	229	28.5	0.428†
Other relevant comorbidities	168	18.2	110	20.0	130	16.2	0.197†
Heart failure/arrhythmia	93	10.1	67	12.2	68	8.5	0.084†
Diabetes mellitus	83	9.0	50	9.1	47	5.9	0.028†
Osteoporosis	52	5.6	35	6.4	74	9.2	0.011†
Chronic renal failure	47	5.1	29	5.3	48	6.0	0.704†
Cancer/history of cancer	26	2.8	19	3.4	22	2.7	0.719†
Chronic obstructive lung diseases	22	2.4	12	2.2	24	3.0	0.597†
Interstitial lung diseases	23	2.5	12	2.2	18	2.2	0.909†
Bronchial asthma	39	4.2	27	4.9	42	5.2	0.607†
Pregnancy	9	1.0	4	0.7	†	0.2	0.159‡
Pulmonal hypertension	7	0.8	2	0.4	†	0.2	0.340‡
Liver cirrhosis	4	0.4	1	0.2	‡	0.4	0.821‡
Absence of relevant comorbidities	350	37.9	250	45.4	371	46.2	0.001†
COVID-19-associated complications
Hospitalisation	142	15.4	44	8.0	22	2.7	<0.001†
Invasive ventilation	25	2.7	11	2.0	1	0.1	<0.001‡
Relevant complications (eg, concomitant infection, thromboembolic events)	57	6.2	23	4.2	6	0.7	<0.001†
COVID-19-related death	18	2.0	10	1.8	5	0.6	0.050†

*Kruskal-Wallis test.
†χ² test (Pearson).
‡Fisher’s exact test.
IRD, inflammatory rheumatic disease.