Table 4

Comparative analysis of clinical features in vasculitis with onset after SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccine administration

	Post-COVID-19 (n=8)	Post-vaccine (n=13)	P value
Age, years	58±20	62±17	0.632
Female sex, n (%)	5 (62.5)	9 (69.2)	0.751
N° vaccine doses, n	2±1	2±1	0.739
ANA positive, n (%)	2 (25)	4 (30.8)	0.776
ESR, mm/h	42±33	67±46	0.162
CRP, mg/dL	3.57±2.80	5.48±5.89	0.329
Specific diseases
Large vessel vasculitis, n (%)	2 (25.0)	3 (23.1)	0.920
C-GCA, n (%)	1 (12.5)	2 (15.4)	0.854
LV-GCA, n (%)	1 (12.5)	1 (7.7)	0.716
Small vessel vasculitis, n (%)	3 (37.5)	3 (23.1)	0.477
ANCA positive, n (%)	2 (66.7)	1 (33.3)	0.414
EGPA, n (%)	2 (66.7)	2 (66.7)	1.000
GPA, n (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (33.3)	0.273
MPA, n (%)	1 (33.3)	0 (0.0)	0.273
Variable vessel vasculitis, n (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (7.7)	0.421
BD, n (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (7.7)	N/A*
Skin vasculitis, n (%)	3 (37.5)	6 (46.2)	0.697
Palpable purpura, n (%)	2 (66.7)	6 (100.0)	0.134
Urticarial vasculitis, n (%)	1 (33.3)	0 (0.0)	0.134
Treatment
NSAIDs, n (%)	1 (12.5)	2 (15.4)	0.854
GCs, n (%)	6 (75.0)	12 (92.3)	0.271
Colchicine, n (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (7.7)	0.421
MTX, n (%)	1 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	0.191
SSZ, n (%)	1 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	0.191
AZA, n (%)	2 (25.0)	1 (7.7)	0.271
CYC, n (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (7.7)	0.421
ANR, n (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (7.7)	0.421

*Expected number in one category is equal to zero.
ANA, antinuclear antibodies; ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; ANR, anakinra; AZA, azathioprine; BD, Behçet’s disease; C-GCA, cranial giant cell arteritis; CRP, C reactive protein; CYC, cyclophosphamide; EGPA, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GCs, glucocorticoids; GPA, granulomatosis with polyangiitis; LV-GCA, large vessel giant cell arteritis; MPA, microscopic polyangiitis; MTX, methotrexate; N/A, not applicable; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SSZ, sulfasalazine.