Demographic and clinical/serological features at IIM diagnosis associated with the occurrence of ILD in the overall IIMs population
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Sex—(male vs female) | 1.14 (0.66 to 1.98) | 0.62 | – | – |
| Age at diagnosis (years, ≥55 vs <55) | 1.71 (1.04 to 2.80) | 0.03 | 1.62 (0.73 to 3.57) | 0.22 |
| Clinical features | ||||
| Muscular weakness (yes vs no) | 0.37 (0.21 to 0.66) | 0.001 | 0.68 (0.28 to 1.63) | 0.39 |
| Heliotrope rash (yes vs no) | 0.20 (0.11 to 0.37) | <0.0001 | 0.25 (0.08 to 0.77) | 0.01 |
| Dysphagia (yes vs no) | 0.28 (0.15 to 0.54) | <0.0001 | 0.51 (0.19 to 1.37) | 0.18 |
| Mechanic’s hands (yes vs no) | 7.67 (2.58 to 22.7) | <0.0001 | 8.56 (1.95 to 37.6) | 0.004 |
| Raynaud’s phenomenon (yes vs no) | 2.32 (1.18 to 4.57) | 0.01 | 3.17 (1.22 to 7.66) | 0.02 |
| Arthritis (yes vs no) | 3.33 (1.69 to 6.53) | <0.0001 | 0.97 (0.30 to 3.07) | 0.96 |
| Muscle involvement | ||||
| MMT-8 | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.04) | <0.0001 | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 0.03 |
| CK at diagnosis—U/L | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.0) | 0.36 | – | – |
| Autoantibody profile | ||||
| Antinuclear antibodies (yes vs no) | 1.62 (0.95 to 2.75) | 0.07 | 1.55 (0.68 to 3.51) | 0.29 |
| Anti-Jo-1 (yes vs no) | 13.1 (5.64 to 30.2) | <0.0001 | 4.48 (1.09 to 19.1) | 0.04 |
| Anti-Ro52 (yes vs no) | 5.64 (2.74 to 11.60) | <0.0001 | 3.90 (1.42 to 10.7) | 0.008 |
| Anti-MDA5 (yes vs no) | 9.30 (1.16 to 74.6) | 0.03 | 10.9 (1.09 to 107.8) | 0.04 |
| Anti-Mi 2 (yes vs no) | 0.20 (0.06 to 0.62) | 0.005 | 0.34 (0.06 to 1.98) | 0.23 |
Values are expressed as OR (95% CI). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between clinical/serological data and the occurrence of lung involvement.
CK, creatine phosphokinase; MDA5, anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene; MMT, manual muscle test.