Patients with autoimmune disease presenting an episode of invasive fungal disease (IFD)
| Pneumocystis pneumonia (227) | Fungemia (167)* | Invasive aspergillosis (84) | Other IFD (58) | Multiple IFD (13) | Total (549) | P value† | |
| Age (years) (median (IQR)) | 68 (59–76) | 64 (52–74) | 59.5 (49.5–70) | 64 (54–72) | 67 (58–69) | 65 (55–74) | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 117 (51.5) | 86 (51.5) | 32 (38.1) | 31 (53.5) | 9 (69) | 275 (50.1) | 0.08 |
| Solid cancer | 16 (7.1) | 33 (19.8) | 6 (7.1) | 8 (13.8) | 0 | 63 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| Haematological malignancy | 13 (5.7) | 21 (12.6) | 30 (35.7) | 6 (10.3) | 4 (31) | 74 (13.5) | <0.001 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 8 (3.5) | 9 (5.4) | 12 (14.5) | 3 (5.2) | 2 (15) | 34 (6.2) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 42 (18.5) | 27 (16.2) | 14 (16.7) | 6 (10.3) | 2 (15) | 91 (16.6) | 0.82 |
| Central catheter | 12 (5.3) | 111 (66.5) | 18 (21.4) | 8 (13.8) | 3 (23) | 152 (27.7) | <0.001 |
| Neutropenia | 0 | 10 (6.0) | 14 (16.7) | 2 (3.5) | 3 (23) | 29 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Chronic renal failure | 27 (11.9) | 32 (19.2) | 12 (14.3) | 3 (5.2) | 3 (23) | 77 (14.1) | 0.13 |
| Chronic respiratory failure | 13 (5.7) | 21 (12.6) | 7 (8.3) | 3 (5.2) | 2 (15) | 46 (8.4) | 0.06 |
| Cirrhosis | 9 (4.0) | 6 (3.6) | 9 (10.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | 25 (4.6) | 0.05 |
| Recent surgery | 3 (1.3) | 55 (32.9) | 6 (7.1) | 9 (15.5) | 0 (0) | 73 (13.3) | <0.001 |
| Intensive care unit | 67 (29.5) | 72 (43.1) | 31 (36.9) | 9 (15.5) | 7 (54) | 186 (33.9) | 0.02 |
| Mortality at 30 days‡ | 42/207 (20.3) | 66/151 (43.7) | 23/81 (28.4) | 6/50 (10.7) | 6/13 (46) | 143/508 (28.1) | <0.001 |
| Mortality at 90 days§ | 54/183 (29.5) | 73/140 (52.1) | 31/79 (39.2) | 8/55 (14.6) | 8/13 (62) | 174/470 (37.0) | <0.001 |
Results are presented as n (%).
*Including Candida spp. fungemia in 155 (92.8%) (see online supplemental table S2) for further details), excluding two cases of Cryptococcus neoformans fungemia which are presented with the ‘other IFD’.
†P-value: test applied to the three main IFD categories (PCP, fungemia, IA).
‡Missing data for 41 patients, 7.5%.
§Missing data for 79 patients, 14.4%.
PCP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.