Summarised study characteristics, stratified by intervention class
| Intervention | Number of references | Number of participants (ITT) | Number of references with data for the outcome domain | Hand OA target | ||||||||
| Pain | Function | PGA | HRQoL | Grip strength | AE withdrawals | SAE | Fingers only | Thumb only | Both thumb and fingers | |||
| Capsaicin | 2 | 73 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Topical NSAID | 9 | 1638 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| Topical salicylate | 2 | 131 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Glucosamine | 1 | 50 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Galactosaminoglycuronglycan sulfate | 1 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Chondroitin sulfate | 3 | 351 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Unsaponifiables* | 1 | 261 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Paracetamol | 4 | 214 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Oral NSAID | 11 | 2172 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 6 |
| Salicylate injection | 1 | 40 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Prolotherapy | 2 | 87 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Intra-articular platelet-rich plasma | 2 | 78 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Intra-articular hyaluronate | 11 | 766 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Intra-articular glucocorticoids | 11 | 734 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 10 | 0 |
| Perineural glucocorticoids | 1 | 50 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Radiation | 1 | 56 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Oral glucocorticoids | 3 | 245 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| PDE4 inhibitors | 1 | 30 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Colchicine | 1 | 64 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| SNRI | 1 | 65 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Antiepileptics | 1 | 65 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Cannabidiol | 1 | 77 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Bisphosphonates | 2 | 78 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 6 | 747 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| Methotrexate | 1 | 64 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| TNF inhibitor | 4 | 271 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| IL-1 inhibitor | 4 | 395 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| IL-6 inhibitor | 1 | 91 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| GM-CSF inhibitor | 1 | 44 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 72 | 7609 | 64 | 40 | 17 | 12 | 21 | 51 | 45 | 17 | 19 | 36 |
Traffic light colours indicate completeness of reporting (0–33% red, 34–66% yellow, 67–100% green).
*The trial reported overall data and were therefore included; however, no arm-based data were available.
.AE, adverse event; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; IL, interleukin; ITT, intention-to-treat; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OA, osteoarthritis; PDE4, phosphodiesterase-4; PGA, patient global assessment; SAE, serious adverse event; SNRI, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.