Summary of clinical trials using different CAR T cell types for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases
| Target antigen | Conditions | T cell type | NCT no | Phase | Sponsor |
| CD19 | Systemic lupus erythematosus Sjogren’s syndrome Diffuse scleroderma Inflammatory myopathy ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis Antiphospholipid syndrome | Universal CAR T | NCT05859997 | Not Applicable | Bioray Laboratories |
| CD19 | Severe, refractory systemic lupus erythematosus | CAR T | NCT05869955 | Phase 1 | Bristol-Myers Squibb |
| DSG3 | Mucosal-dominant pemphigus vulgaris | CAAR T | NCT04422912 | Phase 1 | Cabaletta Bio |
| MuSK | Anti-MuSK-antibody-positive myasthenia gravis | CAAR T | NCT05451212 | Phase 1 | Cabaletta Bio |
| BCMA | Generalised myasthenia gravis | mRNA CAR T | NCT04146051 | Phase 2 | Cartesian Therapeutics |
| CD19/BCMA | Relapsed/refractory systemic lupus erythematosus | CAR T | NCT05474885 | Phase 1 | iCell Gene Therapeutics |
| CD19 | Lupus nephritis | CAR T | NCT05938725 | Phase 1 | Kyverna Therapeutics |
| CD19 | Systemic lupus erythematosus lupus nephritis | CAR T | NCT05798117 | Phase 1/2 | Novartis Pharmaceuticals |
| CD19 | Refractory systemic lupus erythematosus | CAR T | NCT05930314 | Early phase 1 | Peking Union Medical College Hospital |
| HLA-A2 antigens | HLA-A2 mismatched liver transplantation | CAR Treg | NCT05234190 | Phase 1/2 | Quell Therapeutics Limited |
| CD19/BCMA | Refractory systemic lupus erythematosus | CAR T | NCT05858684 | Early phase 1 | RenJi Hospital |
| HLA-A2 antigens | HLA-A2 mismatched living donor kidney transplantation | CAR Treg | NCT04817774 | Phase 1/2 | Sangamo Therapeutics |
| CD19 | Systemic lupus erythematosus | CAR T | NCT03030976 | Phase 1 | Shanghai GeneChem Co., Ltd. |
| CD19 | Moderate or severe active systemic lupus erythematosus | CAR T | NCT05765006 | Phase 1 | Shanghai Ming Ju Biotechnology Co., Ltd. |
| CD19/BCMA/ CD138/BAFF-R | B cell-related autoimmune diseases | CAR T | NCT05459870 | Phase 1/2 | Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute |
| BCMA | Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Myasthenia gravis Chronic inflammatory demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy Immune-mediated necrotising myopathy | CAR T | NCT04561557 | Early phase 1 | Tongji Hospital |
| CD19 | Refractory myasthenia gravis | CAR T | NCT05828225 | Phase 1 | Zhejiang University |
| CD19/BCMA | Refractory systemic lupus erythematosus | CAR T | NCT05030779 | Early phase 1 | Zhejiang University |
| CD19/BCMA | Refractory immune nephritis | CAR T | NCT05085418 | Early phase 1 | Zhejiang University |
| CD19/BCMA | Refractory systemic lupus erythematosus | CAR T | NCT05846347 | Phase 1 | Zhejiang University |
| CD19/BCMA | Refractory scleroderma | CAR T | NCT05085444 | Early phase 1 | Zhejiang University |
| CD19/BCMA | Refractory Sjogren’s syndrome | CAR T | NCT05085431 | Early phase 1 | Zhejiang University |
| CD19/BCMA | Refractory immune nephritis | CAR T | NCT05085418 | Early phase 1 | Zhejiang University |
| CD19/BCMA | Refractory POEMS syndrome Amyloidosis Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia Vasculitis | CAR T | NCT05263817 | Early phase 1 | Zhejiang University |
| CD7 | Crohn’s disease Ulcerative Colitis Dermatomyositis Still disease | CAR T | NCT05239702 | Early phase 1 | Zhejiang University |
BCMA, B cell maturation antigen; CAAR, chimeric autoantibody receptor; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; POEMS, polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes.