Table 4

Association between any preceding sinusitis and incident rheumatic disease by number of sinusitis diagnosis codes

Rheumatic disease	Adjusted*OR for disease (95% CI)
Rheumatic disease	1–3 codes (n=319)	4–6 codes (n=220)	7+ codes (n=193)	P value
Any rheumatic disease	1.3 (1.0 to 1.6)	1.5 (1.1 to 2.0)	1.7 (1.3 to 2.4)	<0.001
Rheumatoid arthritis	1.1 (0.8 to 1.6)	1.4 (0.9 to 2.1)	1.4 (0.9 to 2.2)	0.27
Seropositive	1.1 (0.7 to 1.8)	1.1 (0.6 to 1.9)	1.4 (0.8 to 2.4)	0.77
Seronegative	1.1 (0.5 to 2.2)	2.0 (1.0 to 4.2)	1.6 (0.7 to 3.3)	0.20
Spondyloarthritis	2.1 (0.8 to 5.0)	0.6 (0.1 to 3.5)	1.0 (0.3 to 3.0)	0.42
Ankylosing spondylitis^†	3.0 (0.4 to 26)	1.0 (0.1 to 9.3)	7.2 (0.6 to 86)	0.80
Psoriatic arthritis	1.8 (0.7 to 4.9)	0.6 (0.0 to 8.9)	0.6 (0.2 to 2.2)	0.53
Systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease	1.7 (0.9 to 3.2)	2.0 (1.0 to 4.2)	4.8 (1.7 to 13)	0.004
Antiphospholipid syndrome^†	21 (3.0 to 171)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Sjögren’s syndrome	0.9 (0.2 to 3.3)	3.1 (1.0 to 9.4)	8.7 (1.4 to 52)	0.02
Systemic lupus erythematosus^†	0.6 (0.1 to 2.9)	0.5 (0.1 to 4.0)	N/A	0.97
Systemic sclerosis^†	1.2 (0.1 to 12)	0.9 (0.1 to 8.3)	6.1 (0.5 to 69)	0.87
Vasculitis	1.1 (0.7 to 1.8)	1.5 (0.9 to 2.4)	2.0 (1.2 to 3.4)	0.03
ANCA-associated vasculitis^†	1.0 (0.2 to 5.2)	0.6 (0.1 to 5.6)	8.5 (0.9 to 83)	0.74
Giant cell arteritis	0.6 (0.1 to 2.7)	2.9 (0.7 to 13)	1.5 (0.1 to 16)	0.47
Polymyalgia rheumatica	1.2 (0.7 to 1.9)	1.5 (0.9 to 2.5)	1.8 (1.0 to 3.2)	0.12

*Reference group was individuals with no sinusitis codes prior to index date. Adjusting for age, sex, electronic health record history, race and ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status. Bold values were statistically significant. P values provided are 2 df p values from these models.
†Unadjusted conditional logistic regression due to small sample size.
ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; N/A, not applicable due to insufficient exposures.