Covariate-adjusted odds of tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo and sudden deafness among Sjogren’s syndrome versus comparison patients (n=81 064)
| Variable | OR (95% CIs) | |||
| Tinnitus | Sudden deafness | Hearing loss | Vertigo | |
| Sjogren’s syndrome (unadjusted) | 1.678 (1.586–1.775) | 1.379 (1.146–1.659) | 1.709 (1.586–1.841) | 1.463 (1.351–1.584) |
| Sjogren’s syndrome (adjusted)* | 1.690 (1.596–1.788) | 1.368 (1.137–1.647) | 1.724 (1.598–1.859) | 1.473 (1.360–1.597) |
| Age | 1.019 (1.017–1.021) | 1.011 (1.004–1.018) | 1.037 (1.034–1.040) | 1.021 (1.018–1.024) |
| Sex | 0.798 (0.749–0.851) | 0.932 (0.765–1.136) | 1.139 (1.052–1.233) | 0.499 (0.450–0.552) |
| Monthly income | ||||
| <NT$15 841 (reference group) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| NT$15 841–25 000 | 1.147 (1.059–1.242) | 0.947 (0.738–1.214) | 0.825 (0.747–0.912) | 1.185 (1.062–1.322) |
| ≥NT$25 001 | 1.165 (1.078–1.260) | 1.008 (0.792–1.284) | 0.937 (0.851–1.032) | 1.119 (1.005–1.247) |
| Geographic region | ||||
| Northern (reference group) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Central | 1.185 (1.108–1.267) | 1.483 (1.197–1.838) | 1.038 (0.949–1.236) | 0.969 (0.881–1.065) |
| Southern | 1.047 (0.964–1.137) | 1.197 (0.915–1.565) | 0.847 (0.757–0.948) | 0.928 (0.828–1.041) |
| Eastern | 1.325 (1.049–1.673) | 0.829 (0.305–2.256) | 0.846 (0.594–1.206) | 1.113 (0.860–1.536) |
| Urbanisation level | ||||
| 1 (reference group) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| 2 | 1.047 (0.973–1.126) | 0.763 (0.604–0.963) | 0.948 (0.861–1.044) | 1.048 (0.946–1.160) |
| 3 | 1.067 (0.978–1.163) | 0.701 (0.528–0.930) | 0.885 (0.787–0.996) | 1.123 (0.996–1.268) |
| 4 | 1.015 (0.922–1.117) | 0.951 (0.714–1.267) | 1.069 (0.944–1.212) | 1.039 (0.908–1.188) |
| 5 | 0.961 (0.863–1.071) | 0.732 (0.515–1.039) | 0.991 (0.860–1.142) | 1.053 (0.908–1.221) |
| Hypertension | 1.191 (1.115–1.272) | 1.176 (0.951–1.454) | 1.154 (1.058–1.259) | 1.416 (1.292–1.552) |
| Diabetes | 0.975 (0.912–1.043) | 1.123 (0.908–1.389) | 1.039 (0.954–1.133) | 0.966 (0.882–1.058) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1.517 (1.428–1.613) | 1.464 (1.203–1.783) | 1.324 (1.222–1.434) | 1.613 (1.482–1.756) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.224 (1.110–1.351) | 1.085 (0.777–1.515) | 1.269 (1.114–1.446) | 1.296 (1.139–1.475) |
*Adjusted for age, sex, monthly income, geographic region, urbanisation level, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and rheumatoid arthritis.