Table 1

Preconception demographic data for pSS and control individuals

pSS (n=164)Controls (n=328)t/χ2P value
Age (years)*31.98±4.5531.83±4.520.340.736
Course of disease (months)*†41.49±38.61
BMI*‡21.14±2.04 (145/164)21.21±1.77−0.430.670
Assisted reproductive conception§37 (22.56%)3 (0.91%)68.589<0.001
 IVF-ET36 (21.95%)3 (0.91%)
 IUI1 (0.61%)0 (0%)
Gravidity§
 151 (31.10%)107 (32.62%)0.1170.733
 243 (26.22%)90 (27.44%)0.0820.774
 337 (22.56%)73 (22.26%)0.0060.939
 >333 (20.12%)58 (17.68%)0.4310.511
Parity§
 None104 (63.41%)148 (45.12%)14.643<0.001
 Once60 (36.59%)180 (54.88%)14.643<0.001
Hypertension§3 (1.83%)0 (0%)
Diabetes§2 (1.22%)0 (0%)
Thyroid diseases§38 (23.17%)4 (1.22%)67.474<0.001
 Hyperthyroidism2 (1.22%)0 (0%)
 Hypothyroidism32 (19.51%)4 (1.22%)53.947<0.001
 Thyroiditis4 (2.44%)0 (0%)
Kidney disease§7 (4.27%)0 (0%)
Viral hepatitis B§1 (0.61%)3 (0.91%)0.1261.000
ILD§2 (1.22%)0 (0%)
ESSDAI†‡§
 0–498/99 (98.99%)
 >41/99 (1.01%)
Lymphocytopenia‡ (<1000/mm3)10/116 (8.62%)
Hypergammaglobulinaemia‡ (>16 g/L)39/101 (38.61%)
Low C3 level (<0.9 g/L)§‡12/66 (18.18%)
Low C4 level (<0.1 g/L)§‡0/66 (0%)
Autoantibody§‡
 Anti-Ro52136/158 (86.08%)
 Anti-Ro60135/158 (85.44%)
 Anti-La67/158 (42.41%)
 Anti-DNA0/158 (0%)
 Anti-RNP11/158 (6.96%)
 APL11/83 (13.25%)
Prenatal medication§
 Glucocorticoid102 (62.20%)
 Hydroxychloroquine100 (60.98%)
 Ciclosporin2 (1.22%)
 Aspirin51 (31.10%)
  • Data are mean±SD, n (%) or n/N (%). For variables with missing data, denominators are reported.

  • *Mean±SD.

  • †Patients diagnosed during pregnancy were not included.

  • ‡There was data loss.

  • §Number with the percentages between brackets.

  • APL, antiphospholipid; BMI, body mass index; ESSDAI, EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index; ILD, Interstitial lung disease; IUI, intrauterine insemination; IVF-ET, in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer techniques; n, number of deliveries; pSS, primary Sjögren’s syndrome.