Analysis for risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (CCE) development with univariate Cox proportional hazards regression models
| Characteristics | HR (95% CI) | P value |
| Male gender | 3.25 (1.96 to 5.38) | <0.001 |
| Age of SLE onset >40 | 4.98 (3.3 to 7.53) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 1.98 (1.18 to 3.31) | 0.0096 |
| Hypertension | 2.96 (1.86 to 4.72) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3.42 (1.39 to 8.42) | 0.0076 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1.07 (0.6 to 1.91) | 0.82 |
| Smoking | 6.58 (3.51 to 12.36) | <0.001 |
| Arthritis | 0.49 (0.29 to 0.84) | 0.0094 |
| Serositis | 1.32 (0.76 to 2.29) | 0.33 |
| Oral or nasal ulcers | 0.89 (0.43 to 1.85) | 0.76 |
| Cutaneous involvement | 0.46 (0.26 to 0.8) | 0.0063 |
| Nonscarring alopecia | 0.78 (0.51 to 1.2) | 0.25 |
| Nephritis | 1.25 (0.83 to 1.88) | 0.29 |
| Neuropsychiatric SLE | 1.38 (0.51 to 3.76) | 0.53 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 1.66 (1.03 to 2.68) | 0.038 |
| Leucopenia | 1.06 (0.62 to 1.81) | 0.84 |
| LA | 1.85 (0.86 to 4) | 0.12 |
| ACL | 2.17 (1.25 to 3.77) | 0.0062 |
| Anti-β2GP1 | 2.32 (1.35 to 3.98) | 0.0022 |
| High-dose glucocorticoids | 2.58 | <0.001 |
| HCQ usage | 0.66 (0.44 to 1) | 0.052 |
ACL, anticardiolipin antibody; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; LA, lupus anticoagulant; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.