Table 1

Patient characteristics at baseline, overall and for short-term and long-term users

n (%)TotalShort-term usersLong-term users
10 334830980.40%202519.60%
Age
Age, mean (SD)56.35 (15.11)(56.06,56.65)56.12 (15.61)(55.78,56.45)57.33 (12.82)(56.77,57.89)0.001
Age range
18–442439(23.60%)2090(25.15%)349(17.23%)<0.001
45–644822(46.66%)3691(44.42%)1131(55.85%)
65–741846(17.86%)1493(17.97%)353(17.43%)
 ≥751227(11.87%)1035(12.46%)192(9.48%)
Sex
Sex (men)2741(26.52%)2527(30.41%)214(10.57%)<0.001
Nationality
Spain8759(84.76%)6967(83.85%)1792(88.49%)<0.001
European607(5.87%)521(6.27%)86(4.25%)
Non-European798(7.72%)685(8.24%)113(5.58%)
Unknown170(1.65%)136(1.64%)34(1.68%)
Income level (euros/year)
<18 0007634(73.87%)6178(74.35%)1456(71.90%)0.022
18 000–100 0001633(15.80%)1311(15.78%)322(15.90%)
>100 00023(0.22%)19(0.23%)4(0.20%)
No resources1008(9.75%)771(9.28%)237(11.70%)
Unknown36(0.35%)30(0.36%)6(0.30%)
Comorbidities
Anxiety5707(55.23%)4312(51.90%)1395(68.89%)<0.001
COPD623(6.03%)484(5.83%)139(6.86%)0.087
Dementia344(3.33%)258(3.11%)86(4.25%)0.012
Depression3068(29.69%)2155(25.94%)913(45.09%)<0.001
Diabetes1461(14.14%)1191(14.33%)270(13.33%)0.261
Drug abuse185(1.79%)153(1.84%)32(1.58%)0.483
Heart failure252(2.44%)204(2.46%)48(2.37%)0.887
Hypertension4051(39.20%)3201(38.52%)850(41.98%)0.005
Ischaemic cardiomyopathy483(4.67%)412(4.96%)71(3.51%)0.007
Liver disease1009(9.76%)769(9.26%)240(11.85%)<0.001
Personality disorders223(2.16%)169(2.03%)54(2.67%)0.095
Psychotic disorders802(7.76%)574(6.91%)228(11.26%)<0.001
Other psychiatric disorders1287(12.45%)946(11.39%)341(16.84%)<0.001
Renal disease609(5.89%)489(5.89%)120(5.93%)0.986
Sleep disorders2892(27.99%)2154(25.92%)738(36.44%)<0.001
Previous suicidal ideation30(0.29%)21(0.25%)9(0.44%)0.227
Lifestyle
Alcohol274(2.65%)230(2.77%)44(2.17%)0.156
Tobacco1574(15.23%)1233(14.84%)341(16.84%)0.027
  • COPD, congestive obstructive pulmonary disease.