Univariable | Multivariable | |||||
R2 | B | 95% CI | B | Standardised ß | 95% CI | |
Age, years | 0.02 | −0.16* | −0.31, to 0.00 | |||
Sex, male vs female | 0.13 | 10.88* | 6.89, 14.86 | 8.36* | 0.27 | 5.98, 10.73 |
Diagnostic delay, years | 0.00 | 0.03 | −0.25, 0.31 | |||
BMI, kg/m2 | 0.00 | 0.16 | −0.20,0.51 | |||
CRP, mg/L | 0.00 | −0.02 | −0.37, 0.33 | |||
ASDAS | 0.25 | 7.56* | 5.71, 9.41 | |||
BASDAI | 0.44 | 4.46* | 3.75, 5.16 | |||
ASQoL, 0–18 | 0.50 | 2.20* | 1.87, 2.54 | |||
BASFI, 0–10 | 0.26 | 3.26* | 2.42, 4.09 | |||
mSQUASH total activity score | 0.05 | −0.01* | −0.01, 0.00 | |||
Psychosocial assessments | ||||||
IPQ-R identity, 0–14 | 0.42 | 3.82* | 3.18, 4.46 | 1.78* | 0.28 | 1.19, 2.37 |
IPQ-R timeline acute/chronic, 6–30 | 0.00 | 0.29 | −0.19, 0.94 | |||
IPQ-R timeline cyclical, 4–20 | 0.03 | 0.28* | 0.16, 1.27 | |||
IPQ-R personal control, 6–30 | 0.03 | 0.25* | −1.12, to 0.14 | |||
IPW-R treatment control, 6–30 | 0.08 | 0.32* | −1.94, to 0.68 | |||
IPQ-R illness coherence, 5–25 | 0.09 | 0.24* | −1.49, to 0.56 | |||
IPQ-R consequences, 6–30 | 0.25 | 1.37* | 1.03, 1.71 | |||
IPQ-R emotional representations, 6–30 | 0.24 | 2.05* | 1.54, 2.57 | |||
PCS, 0–52 | 0.38 | 0.95* | 0.78, 1.12 | 0.28* | 0.17 | 0.12, 0.44 |
MFIS, 0–84 | 0.61 | 0.04* | 0.61, 0.76 | 0.29* | 0.32 | 0.19, 0.39 |
HADS anxiety, 0–21 | 0.35 | 2.70* | 2.18, 3.22 | 0.99* | 0.23 | 0.54, 1.45 |
HADS depression, 0–21 | 0.18 | 0.26* | 1.18, 2.20 | |||
CORS pain comforting cognitions, 9–36 | 0.01 | 0.22 | −0.76, 0.12 | |||
CORS pain decreasing activities, 8–31 | 0.17 | 0.21* | 0.90, 1.74 | |||
CORS pain diverting attention, 8–30 | 0.00 | 0.23 | −0.25, 0.66 | |||
CORS limitations optimism, 5–20 | 0.05 | 0.33* | −1.64 to to 0.35 | |||
CORS limitations pacing, 10–40 | 0.01 | 0.15 | −0.08, 0.52 | |||
CORS limitations creative solution seeking, 8–32 | 0.00 | 0.20 | −0.28, 0.51 | |||
CORS dependence acceptance, 6–24 | 0.02 | 0.22 | −0.86, 0.00 | |||
CORS dependence showing consideration, 7–28 | 0.00 | 0.28 | −0.47, 0.63 | |||
QST measurements | ||||||
PPT sum values, N | ||||||
With most painful area | 0.09 | −0.24* | −0.35, 0.14 | |||
Without most painful area | 0.09 | −0.24* | −0.35, 0.13 | |||
TS non-dominant forearm, N | 0.04 | 2.55* | 0.77, 4.32 | |||
CPM non-dominant m. rectus femoris, N | 0.00 | −0.02 | −0.19, 0.16 |
Order of inclusion CSI: (1) MFIS (R2=0.60); (2) IPQ-R Identity (R2=0.66); (3) Sex (R2=0.71);(4) HADS anxiety (R2=0.76); (5) PCS (R2=0.78).
*p<0.05.
ASDAS, Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score; ASQoL, Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life questionnaire; BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; BMI, body mass index; CORS, Coping with Rheumatic Stressors questionnaire; CPM, conditioned pain modulation; CRP, C reactive protein; CSI, Central Sensitisation Inventory; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IPQ-R, Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire; MFIS, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; mSQUASH, modified-Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing physical activity; PCS, Pain Catastrophising Scale; PPT, pain pressure threshold; QST, quantitative sensory testing; TS, temporal summation.