Abstract
Altered bone micro-architecture is an important factor in accounting for fragility fractures. Until recently, it has not been possible to gain information about skeletal microstructure in a way that is clinically feasible. Bone biopsy is essentially a research tool. High-resolution peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography, while non-invasive, is available only sparsely throughout the world. The trabecular bone score (TBS) is an imaging technology adapted directly from the Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) image of the lumbar spine. Thus, it is potentially readily and widely available. In recent years, a large number of studies have demonstrated that TBS is significantly associated with direct measurements of bone micro-architecture, predicts current and future fragility fractures in primary osteoporosis, and may be a useful adjunct to BMD for fracture detection and prediction. In this review, we summarize its potential utility in secondary causes of osteoporosis. In some situations, like glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and in diabetes mellitus, the TBS appears to out-perform DXA. It also has apparent value in numerous other disorders associated with diminished bone health, including primary hyperparathyroidism, androgen-deficiency, hormone-receptor positive breast cancer treatment, chronic kidney disease, hemochromatosis, and autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. Further research is both needed and warranted to more clearly establish the role of TBS in these and other disorders that adversely affect bone.
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Abbreviations
- 2D:
-
Two-dimensional
- 3D:
-
Three-dimensional
- AUC:
-
Area under the curve
- BMD:
-
Bone mineral density
- BMI:
-
Body mass index
- Conn.D:
-
Connectivity density
- CT:
-
Computed tomography
- DXA:
-
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
- FEA:
-
Finite element analysis
- FEXI:
-
Finite element analysis of X-ray images
- FN:
-
Femoral neck
- GC:
-
Glucocorticoids
- LS:
-
Lumbar spine
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- OR:
-
Odds ratio
- ROC:
-
Receiver operating characteristic
- SD:
-
Standard deviation
- TBS:
-
Trabecular bone score
- TH:
-
Total hip
- Tb.N:
-
Trabecular number
- Tb.Sp:
-
Trabecular spacing
- Tb.Th:
-
Trabecular thickness
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
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Conflict of interest
Didier Hans is co-owner of the TBS patent and has corresponding ownership shares in medimaps group. All the other authors have no conflict of interest.
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Ulivieri, F.M., Silva, B.C., Sardanelli, F. et al. Utility of the trabecular bone score (TBS) in secondary osteoporosis. Endocrine 47, 435–448 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0280-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0280-4