Compelling evidence indicates that Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection is a prerequisite for
multiple sclerosis (MS). The disease may arise from a complex interplay between latent EBV …

Both genetic and environmental factors display low or modest associations with multiple
sclerosis. Hypothetically, gene–environment interactions may exert much stronger effects. In …

Objective: We investigated potential interactions between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
genotype and body mass index (BMI) status in relation to the risk of developing multiple …

Objective: We sought to estimate the causal effect of low serum 25 (OH) D on multiple
sclerosis (MS) susceptibility that is not confounded by environmental or lifestyle factors or …

Smoking is one of the most established risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of
this study was to investigate how age at smoking debut, duration, intensity and cumulative …

Importance Smoking tobacco is a well-established risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), a
chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system usually characterized by bouts …

Objective: Environmental factors play a prominent role in multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology.
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between shift work and MS …

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the long-term clinical
progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). A special objective was to investigate whether early …

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a causative agent for several types of lymphomas and
mucosal cancers, is a human lymphotropic herpesvirus with the capacity to establish lifelong …

Importance Alcohol consumption may be a modifiable lifestyle factor that affects the risk of
developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Results of previous studies have been inconsistent …