A large number of changes, distant from the site or sites of inflammation and involving many
organ systems, may accompany inflammation. In 1930 interest was focused on these …

Recent insights in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) necessitated updating the European League
Against Rheumatism (EULAR) RA management recommendations. A large international …

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may differ among rheumatologists and currently, clear
and consensual international recommendations on RA treatment are not available. In this …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-6 is produced at the site of inflammation and plays a key role in the
acute phase response as defined by a variety of clinical and biological features such as the …

▪ Abstract The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a member of the IL-1 family that
binds to IL-1 receptors but does not induce any intracellular response. Two structural …

The interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐18, and IL‐33 families of cytokines are related by mechanism of
origin, receptor structure, and signal transduction pathways utilized. All three cytokines are …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-1 was first cloned in the 1980s, and rapidly emerged as a key player
in the regulation of inflammatory processes. The term IL-1 refers to two cytokines, IL-1α and …

Background Roughly a third of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological
treatments receive them as monotherapy. Tocilizumab—an inhibitor of interleukin 6 receptor …

The Study Group for Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis was established by the EULAR
Standing Committee on Investigative Rheumatology to facilitate research into the preclinical …

Abstract The interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines comprises 11 members, including 7 pro-
inflammatory agonists (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) and 4 defined or …