Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory joint disease. The etiopathogenesis
of this condition has been classically explained by a T cell-driven process. However, recent …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease. It is
associated with significant burden at the patient and societal level. Extensive efforts have …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an orphan disease characterised by autoimmunity, fibrosis of the
skin and internal organs, and vasculopathy. SSc may be associated with high morbidity and …

Objectives To provide an update of the EULAR rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management
recommendations addressing the most recent developments in the field. Methods An …

Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF) biologic therapy is a widely used treatment for
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is unknown why some RA patients fail to respond adequately to …

Germinal center (GC) responses are controlled by T follicular helper (Tfh) and T follicular
regulatory (Tfr) cells and are crucial for the generation of high-affinity antibodies. Although …

Growing experimental and clinical evidence suggests that a chronic inflammatory response
induced by gut dysbiosis can critically contribute to the development of rheumatic diseases …

Methotrexate (MTX) is the central drug in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
other immune mediated inflammatory diseases. It is widely used either in monotherapy or in …

Objectives. Adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab are effective TNF inhibitors (TNFis) in the
treatment of RA, but no randomized clinical trials have compared the three agents. Prior …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the paradigm of systemic autoimmune diseases
characterised by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations with an unpredictable relapsing …